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Fleet and equipment

Low-emission plant and NRMM rules for hire fleets

What engine emission stages, the London NRMM rules, HVO and electric machines mean for a hire fleet when buying and supplying plant.

Guide specPHSUG-97
Read time5 min
LevelIntermediate
London 2030Stage V
UpdatedOct 2026

Key takeaways

  • Engines are classed by emission stage; Stage V is the current standard for new machines.
  • In London, construction sites with planning permission must use machines meeting at least Stage IV (37–560kW), with Stage V for generators and smaller engines, and Stage V everywhere from 2030.
  • HVO is a drop-in diesel alternative many sites ask for.
  • Electric mini excavators and dumpers are growing, especially for indoor and urban work.

Engine emission stages

Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) engines are certified to emission stages, from older Stage IIIA and IIIB through Stage IV to the current Stage V. Later stages emit less particulate and NOx. The stage is on the engine plate and in the manufacturer's documentation.

London NRMM rules

RequirementSummary
WhereConstruction and demolition sites in Greater London that need planning permission
Which machinesEngines rated 37–560kW
Minimum nowStage IV; Stage V for generators and machines under 56kW where Stage IV isn't available
From 1 January 2030Stage V across Greater London
RegistrationMost sites must register in-scope machines on the NRMM register
ExemptionsCase by case: viability or short-term, not blanket

Summary only. Check the Greater London Authority's current NRMM guidance before supplying London sites.

HVO and alternative fuels

  • HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil) can replace diesel in many engines; check manufacturer approval.
  • It reduces lifecycle carbon emissions; some contractors require it.
  • It costs more than diesel; agree who pays.
  • Red diesel can't be used for construction; see environmental compliance.

Electric and hybrid plant

  • Electric micro and mini excavators and dumpers suit indoor, night and urban work.
  • Charging on site and run time per charge are the main limits.
  • Higher purchase prices; check demand from customers before buying.
  • Some customers will pay a premium for zero-emission machines.

What it means for your fleet

  • Record each machine's emission stage in your asset register.
  • If you supply London, plan for Stage V by 2030.
  • Older-stage machines may lose resale value; see depreciation.
  • Ask customers which standards and fuels they need before buying.

FAQs

Common questions

What emission stage do machines need in London?
On construction sites with planning permission in Greater London, machines of 37–560kW must meet at least Stage IV, with Stage V for generators and smaller engines where Stage IV isn't available, and Stage V everywhere from 2030. Check the GLA's current guidance.
Can I run hire plant on HVO?
Many engines are approved for HVO; check the manufacturer's approval for each model.
Are electric mini diggers worth buying for hire?
They suit indoor, urban and night work. Check customer demand, run time and charging before buying.

This guide is general information for people setting up a plant hire business in the UK. It is not legal, tax, insurance or financial advice. Rules and thresholds change, so check current guidance on GOV.UK and take advice from an accountant, solicitor or broker before acting.